心理量表在唇腭裂患者群体的应用

中文关键词: 唇腭裂  心理测量  能力测验  人格测验  临床评定量表

英文关键词: cleft lip and palate  psychological assessment  aptitude test  personality inventory  clinical rating scale

中文摘要:

      唇腭裂作为常见的先天性颌面部畸形,不仅影响患者的面容和语言功能,也显著影响其心理健康水平。本文基于“生物—心理—社会”的医学模式,总结了三类常用于唇腭裂患者的心理量表,即能力测验、人格测验及临床评定量表的代表工具与适用情况,并总结其在评估患者智力发展、人格特征和情绪状态方面的研究成果。结果显示,唇腭裂患者虽在智力测试中略低于常模群体,但差异多源于可干预的后天因素；其人格特征表现不一,存在内向倾向也有积极适应的个体差异；临床评定量表普遍揭示患者焦虑、社交回避及抑郁风险增高,语言功能欠缺者尤甚。文章进一步分析了性别、年龄、家庭环境、治疗时机及社会经济地位等对心理测评结果的影响,指出当前研究存在样本量小、量表标准不一、家庭成员心理关注不足等问题。未来研究应加强跨区域合作,扩大样本容量,推动标准化本土量表开发,并关注家庭整体心理支持,以实现唇腭裂群体更精准的心理评估与干预。

英文摘要:

      Cleft lip and palate, as common congenital craniofacial anomalies, not only affect patients’ appearance and speech function but also significantly impact their psychological well-being. Based on the biopsychosocial model, this paper reviews three categories of psychological assessment tools commonly used in individuals with cleft conditions—aptitude tests, personality inventories, and clinical rating scales—highlighting their representative instruments and applicable contexts. Findings indicate that although patients with cleft conditions may score slightly lower on intelligence tests compared to normative groups, these differences are largely attributable to modifiable environmental factors. Personality traits among this population are heterogeneous, with some individuals displaying introversion while others show positive adaptation. Clinical rating scales consistently reveal elevated risks of anxiety, social avoidance, and depression, particularly among those with impaired speech function. The study further analyzes the influence of gender, age, family environment, timing of treatment, and socioeconomic status on psychological outcomes. It also identifies key limitations in current research, including small sample sizes, inconsistent scale standards, and insufficient attention to the mental health of family members. Future studies should focus on expanding sample sizes through cross-regional collaboration, developing standardized and localized assessment tools, and incorporating family-centered psychological support to enable more precise evaluation and intervention for individuals with cleft lip and palate.